Solar systems are composed of several individual components including arrays (multiple connected modules), inverters, controls, safety disconnects, and batteries. By assembling differing sizes of components together, systems can be built with varied power outputs to meet the demands of various loads.

Like most electrical equipment, as solar technology evolves and consumer demand rises, panels and equipment gets smaller, more efficient and cheaper. Homes are able to supply upwards of 75% of their energy from solar power (with sufficient space) which means that electricity costs will be drastically lower. This also means that power can be cold back to power companies for further gain, if more energy is created than is needed. The modular nature of solar electric systems means you can easily add cells, repair or replace system components.

Solar cells are thin film circuits which are manufactured to respond to light, and convert it to electric current. The scientific term for this is "photovoltaic" (or PV), rather obviously, this means "electricity to light". Solar cells and modules are often referred to as PV cells and PV modules. Although electricity is generated even when it is cloudy, the more light the cells get the more electricity that can be produced. The modules convert the electricity into direct current (DC) for storing in batteries, or alternating current (AC) for use in the home thought an inverter. The inverter simply converts the electricity so it can be used in the home. The type of current produced will depend on the module and how its being used. AC power can also be transferred to the grid (through a power or utility company).

PV modules are usually installed on specially tended to ground or pole mounting structures. They can also be mounted on rooftops. It is sometimes possible for the modules to be installed on a tracker - a mounting structure that moves to continually face the sun throughout the day.